《苗族史诗》中民俗事象翻译的民族志阐释

Ethnographic Interpretation on the Translation of Folklore Items in Hmong Oral Epics

《苗族史诗》以口传文本的形式在苗族跨地域、跨方言的文化共同体内传播。史诗承载着苗族远古历史的文化记忆,其中所包含的民俗事象铸就了苗族独特的文化世界。苗汉英三语对照、民族志深度翻译、置换补偿为史诗民俗事象翻译提供了可能途径与可行策略。只有将口承人、接受者和具体说唱场景构成的生态文化环境三者同时呈现和保存,活态史诗才能从文化标本的保护过渡到文化现实的动态传播。

Hmong Oral Epics spread in the cross-regional and cross-dialect cultural community as a form of oral tradition.The epics carry the cultural memories of ancient Hmong history,and the folklore items in them shape a unique cultural world of the Hmong.Through delineating the tri-lingual translation of the epics published by Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House,this article analyzes the strategies of multilingual and ethnographic translation in Hmong epics,as well as the methods of transformation and compensation in the translation of folk items,which would be helpful for the Going Global strategy of other ethnic minority oral texts.