公众参与社区自然资源管理的路径选择——以云南大理洱海为个案的研究

Path Selection of Public Participation in Community Natural Resources Management:a Case Study of the Erhai Lake in Dali

当前我国环境污染问题较为突出,已开始影响社会经济的可持续发展与民众的日常生活。环境治理的政策实施与技术应用往往以自上而下的方式在地域社会得以执行,但决定其执行效果的关键却与民众的参与程度密切相关。以大理洱海为例,在厘清公众利用水资源的传统模式与当下面临的困境的基础上,指出促成公众自主参与传统社区自然资源管理的有效路径在于:尊重民间知识并保障民众利益,即通过协商共议、自下而上的方式将民众意愿、社区内部资源管理机制反映到政府决策层面,并以此保障民众公平、合理利用社区自然资源的权益。

At present,China's environmental pollution issue has become so prominent that it has begun to affect the sustainable development of social economy and people's daily life.Policy implementation and technology application of environmental governance are often carried out in a top-down manner in the local communities but the key to determining the effect of implementation is closely related to people's participation.Contrary to previous studies,this paper focuses on the autonomous participation capacities of local communities through the case study of Erhai Lake located in Dali.On the basis of clarifying the traditional pattern of public use of water resources and the predicament faced at present,this paper points out that the effective way to promote public autonomous participation in traditional natural resources management is to respect the folk knowledge and protect the interests of the public,that is,through negotiation and the bottom-up approach,the public will and the community resources management mechanism are to be reflected on the level of government decision-making,and ensure the public rights and interests of using community natural resources fairly and rationally.