张学良、蒋介石与“九一八”事变时的不抵抗主义——基于张学良回忆的讨论

Zhang Xueliang(张学良),Chiang Kai-shek and the Nonresistance Policy in September 18th Incident: Discussion based on Zhang Xueliang's Memories

张学良关于"九一八"事变不抵抗命令的回忆,提供了研究不抵抗主义的新证据、新视角,也引发了不抵抗主义谁之过的认识分歧。揆诸史实,张学良关于不抵抗命令出自自己、蒋介石并无此令的回忆,是确实的;但他关于对日军侵略情况误判的回忆,以及蒋介石和不抵抗主义没有关联的回忆,是不准确的。张学良服膺蒋介石、东北外交完全归国民党中央办理的约定和蒋介石在万宝山事件后的相关指示,是张学良下达不抵抗命令的真正原因。"九一八"事变前后,张蒋在"力求避免与日人发生冲突"上达成高度共识,其实行结果就是不抵抗。实际上,不抵抗、诉之国联是国民党当局应对日本侵略东北的基本方针。

Zhang Xue -liang＇s memories on nonresistance order in September 18th Incident offered new evi- dence and perspective to explore the nonresistance policy, it also triggered the disagreements about who should be responsible for nonresistance. Inferring from historical facts, Zhang Xueliang＇s memories is true, he recalled that it is himself, rather than Chiang Kai - shek that gave the order not to resist Japanese troops. However, Zhang Xueliang＇s memories below is not accurate, he recalled that he adopted nonresistance policy because of misjudgement of Japan＇s intention, and Chiang Kai - shek had nothing to do with the policy. The real reason for Zhang Xueliang gave the order is that there was an appointment that the diplomatic affairs of Northeast area was managed by the central committee of KMT, and also because of the relevant instructions from Chiang Kai- shek after Wanbaoshan （万宝山） Incident. Before and after September 18th Incident, Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai - shek reached a high degree of consensus on striving to avoid conflict with Japanese, which resulted in the nonresistance. Actually, the basic principle of KMT authority to cope with Japanese invasion of Northeast China is nonresistance and to resort to the League of Nations.