试论二战中日本教育工作者的战争责任——兼论国民的加害者及受害者角色

The War Responsibility of Japanese Educators in World War Ⅱ and the Role of Japanese National as both Inflicter and Victim

二战中,日本"国民皆兵"、"举国一致"疯狂对外扩张侵略,国民也是战争参与者和责任主体。对于中国等被侵略民族而言,日本国民是战争加害者;在日本国内,国民则是战争受害者。日本国民的战争加害者角色及受害者境遇,一定程度上是由强调"忠君爱国"、以培养对天皇等权威绝对顺服的"忠良臣民"为目标的近代教育灌输所致。教育及教育工作者沦为军国主义、极端国家主义势力的工具和帮凶,对对外侵略战争负有间接而重大的责任。

During the war of aggression and expansion, all Japanese nationals were regarded as soldiers and the whole nation acted in concert, therefore Japanese citizens were also the participants and the liability sub- ject of the war. For the nations who were invaded, like Chinese, Japanese nationals certainly were inflicters. While in Japan, the citizens were victims. To some extent, the reason that Japanese citizens acted as perpe- trators and suffered as victims is due to the modern education, which emphasizes loyalty and patriotism, and also aims at training nationals to absolutely obey the authorities, like the Mikado. Thus, at that time, educa- tion and educators bore indirect but heavy responsibilities for the war of aggression as being tools and accom- plices of militarists and extreme nationalists.