项目扶贫的基层遭遇:结构化困境与治理图景

Poverty Alleviation Programs at the Grassroots Level: A Structured Dilemma and Governance

本文采用参与式观察的定性研究方法,以西部贫困地区的反贫困实践为关注对象,在基层干部、社会力量和贫困群体三者互构关系层面分析了项目扶贫在基层社会所遭遇的实践困境。研究表明,基层干部的总体性支配、社会力量的缺场以及贫困群体主体性权利的缺失,使基层项目扶贫实践陷入结构化困境中,这种结构化困境消解了脱贫的实践效果,制约了国家扶贫战略目标的实现。要优化基层项目扶贫的治理结构,应当对基层干部的权力进行松绑,激发社会力量的参与热情并重建贫困群体的主体性地位,走以贫困群体为中心的内生性发展道路。

This article uses participant observation to analyze a practical dilemma that can be found in poverty alleviation programs at the grassroots level in poverty-stricken areas, western China, from the perspective of interactions among grassroots cadres, social forces and impoverished people. The results show that the overall dominance by grassroots cadres, the absence of social forces and a lack of a subjective right for impoverished people, have pushed the practice of poverty alleviation programs at the grassroots level into a structured dilemma. This dilemma has diminished the effect of poverty alleviation programs and hindered the achievement of national poverty alleviation strategy. The study suggests that, in order to optimize the governance structure of grassroots poverty alleviation programs, the endogenous development should be strengthened which is centered on impoverished people. Besides, it is important to revitalize the power of grassroots cadres, stimulate the participation enthusiasm of social forces and reconstruct the subjective status of impoverished people.