沈从文:创伤的执著·性灵的诗人·未熟的天才

Shen Congwen:Persistence on Trauma,a Spiritual Poet,and an Immature Genius

从心理学和精神科学层面介入沈从文研究,是探索沈从文及其作品独创性的崭新有效途径。在自我发现、想象和建构过程中,沈从文形成了自卑与自负氤氲互生的两极心理机制和精神结构。沈从文文学理想国的建构,是自我同一性生命经验持续发酵和有效扩展的结果,并在都市和乡村两大题材交替创作中逐渐确立自我的价值倾向。创伤的执著及其选择性记忆和艺术投射,是沈从文独创性的深层心理动因和精神起源,为他赢得诗性智慧的绽放。作为中国现代文学地方色彩勇猛的辩护士,沈从文在田园挽歌和历史感伤中,唱出中国人文主义的失乐园情怀和乌托邦再造梦想。因为自我两极心理机制和精神结构的凝固、偏执、缺乏弹性,因为动力源的难以再造和重构,因为执著于抽象和观念的思维迷障,因为历史暴力的干预,因为自由创造空间的丧失,他在寻求以伟大形式构筑更辉煌人性乌托邦的道路上停下探索与创造的步伐。

To study Shen Congwen from a psychological perspective is a new and effective path to explore Shen and the originality of his writings.In the process of discovering,imagining,and constructing himself,Shen Congwen formed a kind of bipolar psychological structure of inferiority and conceit interacting with each other.The construction of his literary Utopia is the result of continuous work and an extension of his life experience,and his value was gradually built in other writing with two themes of the city and the village.The persistence on trauma,as well as his selective memory and artistic reflection,are the deep psychological motivations and spiritual origins of Shen's originality.As a valiant defender of local color in modern Chinese literature,Shen sang a kind of sentiment of paradise lost and dream of reproducing Utopia through his pastoral elegy and historical sorrow.Unfortunately,he stopped his pace of discovery and creation on the way of building more glorious Utopia of human nature because of rigidity and bigotry of his psychological structure,because of the difficulty in reconstituting the incentive source,because of the mind barrier clinging to abstraction and idea,and because of the external intervention as well as loss of free room for creation.