养老服务业“低水平均衡陷阱”与政策支持

“Low-Level Equilibrium Trap”and Policy Supports in Elderly Services

养老服务业由于存在老年人的低支付能力与服务的高供给成本之间的矛盾,易陷入"低水平均衡陷阱",同时,养老服务需求错觉和供给错位则进一步拉低均衡水平。政策支持是养老服务业走出"低水平均衡陷阱"的重要条件,具体包括需求侧政策和供给侧政策两类。在需求侧方面主要是应建立多层次老年人收入保障机制和养老服务负担、分担机制,在供给侧方面则需要维护公平的市场环境和建立多层次的成本下降机制。当前,中国养老服务政策的主要问题在于对需求侧关注不够,供给侧政策落实不力,下一步迫切需要继续完善政策支持,如提高老年收入保障水平、建立长期护理保险制度、抓好现有政策落实、建立供需之间的信息沟通机制等。

There is a contradiction between the low payment ability of elderly and high supply cost of services, so the elderly services is easy to face a low-level equilibrium trap, while the demand illusion and supply dislocation has further pulled the equilibrium level down. Policy supports is an important condition for elderly services walk out the low-level equilibrium trap. There are two types＇ policy supports： demand-side policy and supply-side policy. In demand-side, it is to build a multilevel income safeguard mechanism and a service burden shared mechanism for elderly. In supply-side, it＇s necessary to maintain a fair market environment and to build a multilevel cost reduction mechanism. Presently, policy supports for elderly services in China are neglected in demand-side and not well implemented in the supply-side. In the future it＇s necessary to improve income safeguard for elderly, introduce the long-term care insurance, well implement existing policies and build an information communication mechanism between the demand-side and supply-side.