阿克苏红富士苹果采后腐烂病原真菌的分离与鉴定

Isolation and identification of main pathogenic fungus from post-harvest Akesu Fuji apple fruits

为了明确阿克苏红富士苹果采后腐烂的主要病原菌种类。通过对阿克苏红富士苹果采后常温和低温条件下自然发病的果实进行病原菌的分离筛选,采用经典微生物分离筛选方法,结合形态学观察、基因间隔序列(Internal transcribed spacer,ITS)、28S核糖体大亚基序列(large subunit r DNA,r DNA-LSU)及微管蛋白B(Beta tubulin,β-tubulin)序列的测定方法,并进行系统进化树的构建;同时,进行菌株的回接及病斑形态的验证。最终从腐烂的阿克苏红富士苹果病斑中分离出2类真菌,由形态学观察初步确定为链格孢霉(Alternaria sp.)和青霉(Penicillium sp.),通过进一步的多基因序列分析及菌株的回接及病斑的观察鉴定2种真菌分别为交链格孢霉(Alternaria alternata)和扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)。本研究结果可为新疆阿克苏红富士采后病原真菌的快速鉴定及病害的防治提供理论依据。

The objective of this project was to clarify the main pathogenic fungus on harvested Akesu Fuji apple after rotten. The harvested Akesu Fuji apple was used for the isolation and screening of pathogenic bacteria under the condition of room temperature and low temperature.The method was the classical microorganism of isolation and screening with the morphological observation, the internal transcribed spacer, （ITS） 28 S ribosomal（ large subunit rDNA, rDNA- LSU ） and testing the sequence of microtubulin B （Beta tubulin,β-tubulin）as well as the structure of phylogenetic tree.Meanwhile the verification of tie-back of bacterial strain and the lesion were conducted.The lesion was separated into two fungus from the storage of red Fuji apple ,and also the two fungus were identified as Alternaria sp.and Penicillium sp.through the morphological observation.Further sequence analysis using the tie-back of bacterial train and lesion confirmed that, the two types of Fuji were Alternaria alternata and Penicillium expansum.This study provided the theoretical basis for the research of rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria in harvested Akesu red Fuji apple in Xinjiang.