不同提取溶剂对余甘子核仁油品质的影响

Quality analysis of Phyllanthus emblic L.seed oil extracted by different solvents

研究旨在探寻不同提取溶剂对余甘子核仁油品质的影响,为余甘子核仁油的进一步开发与利用提供参考依据。以机械压榨法为参照,对比了8种不同类型提取溶剂对余甘子核仁油品质的影响,结果发现:采用压榨法提取余甘子核仁油的含油量仅为4.71%,与压榨法相比,溶剂法更适合余甘子核仁油的提取,含油量均大于14%。在此基础上,以GC-MS(气相色谱质谱联用)法对提取所得余甘子核仁油的脂肪酸组成进行分析后发现,余甘子核仁油的主要脂肪酸组成为α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等5种脂肪酸,其相对百分含量之和达98%以上。余甘子核仁油中的多不饱和脂肪酸为α-亚麻酸和亚油酸,二者相对百分含量之和超过60%,其中含量最高的多不饱和脂肪酸为α-亚麻酸,其相对百分含量超过44%。通过整体分析看出,在选取的8种不同类型溶剂中,长链小极性溶剂更有利于提高余甘子核仁油的品质。其中,正己烷为余甘子核仁油的理想溶剂,不仅油脂提取率高,油脂色泽和透明度优于其他几种溶剂,P/S值(不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸含量的比值)也相对较高,且含有微量菜油甾醇。

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of different solvents on quality of Phyllanthus emblica L.seed oil, and provide the theory basis for further development.Phyllanthus emblica L.seed oil was extracted by 8 kinds of solvents, the quality of them were compared, at the same time mechanical crushing method was to be referenced. The results showed that Phyllanthus emblica L.seed oil extraction rate was 4.71% by mechanical crushing method while solvent extraction rate was more than 14%, solvent extraction was more suitable compared with mechanical crushing method.Fatty compositions were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, or-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid were the main components in Phyllanthus emblica L. seed oil, the relative contents of these five kinds of fatty acids were above 98% . α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid were polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oil, the relative content of them were more than 60% , while α-linolenic acid was more than 44%.It was found that the quality of oil extracted by long chain and small-polar solvents was better than others we selected.N-hexane was a kind of ideal solvent,the oil extracted by n-hexane was better than other solvents in extraction rate,lovibond colour,transparency and P/S, furthermore,trace amount of campesterol was detected in it.