重返经典：安德烈·勒菲弗尔翻译理论批评

A Critical Revisit to André Lefevere's Translation Theory

本文尝试梳理安德烈·勒菲弗尔的翻译理论尤其是"重写理论"发展的谱系,识别其理论文本中的空白与沉默、裂隙与冲突之症候,提出批评,谋求改进。本文认为,勒菲弗尔的理论经历了从元文学、折射、重写到格栅四个发展阶段,其理论要旨包括五个问题式:文学系统与环境的互动;文学系统的控制机制;重写者扮演的社会角色;翻译塑造经典、文化资本和他者形象的功能;影响翻译的制约因素。勒氏的理论与其所基于的晚期资本主义文化生产的逻辑有着内在冲突,表现在过于强调意识形态和诗学而忽略经济因素,过于强调语言符号的重写而忽略非语言符号的重写,过于强调系统的约束力而忽略系统中的译者。今后,可以对这三个方面进行改进,以期推动翻译理论的进步。

After a critical review of Andr6 Lefevere＇s theoretical texts and identification of the symptoms of silence and tension in his texts, this paper aims to make some contri- bution to the improvement of his translation theory in general, and his rewriting theory in particular. The study shows that four key words, metaliterature, refraction, rewriting and grid, can be used to map the trajectory his theory went through. Central to his theory are five issues： interplay between literary system and its environment; control factor within literary system; social roles played by rewriters; translation＇s function in shaping canon, cultural capital and other＇s images; restraining factors for translation. Inside his theory lies the internal tension between his hypothesis and the cultural logic of late capitalism upon which the hypothesis is based, because his hypothesis puts much more emphasis on the binary control of ideology and poetics than on the economic aspect; on the rewritings of language code than on that of non-linguistic code; on how constraints influence agents, than the vise versa. Considering the three aspects, his theory can be made to be much balanced.