P(AM-co-AA)放射性气溶胶压制剂的制备及表征

Preparation and Characterization of P(AM-co-AA) for Capturing and Encapsulating Radioactive Aerosols

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为反应单体,在水溶液中采用自由基聚合法制备得到一种可用于放射性气溶胶粉尘快速去除的聚合物溶液。通过红外、核磁、热重、扫描电镜、表面张力、接触角测试方法对产物的结构及性能进行了测定,结果表明:丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸反应生成了共聚物P(AM-co-AA);聚合物在水相中呈现出多孔的交联结构,其结构形态与单体配比有相关性,其中,n(AA)∶n(AM)=1∶9的压制剂更容易与气溶胶粉尘结合;所制压制剂对气溶胶粉尘有较好的润湿性,且不同单体配比的压制剂对气溶胶粉尘的润湿性有影响,当n(AA)∶n(AM)=3∶7时,压制剂与气溶胶粉尘的接触角最小,为64.3°;模拟雾化喷淋实验测试其压制效果表明:与自然沉降法相比,n(AA)∶n(AM)=1∶9的压制剂将气溶胶粉尘浓度降为原始值一半所用的时间从9.4 min缩短到了2.0 min,大大加速了气溶胶粉尘的沉降,且具有明显的压制效果。

A kind of water-soluble resin was synthesized based on acrylamide（AM） and acrylic acid（AA） via free radical copolymerization in aqueous solution to remove radioactive aerosols.The structures of the resin were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Their properties were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）,surface tension and contact angle measurement.The results show that the resulting copolymer P（AM-co-AA） exhibits porous crosslinked networks in water phase,and the structure morphology has correlation with the molar ratio of monomer.When n（AA） ∶ n（AM） is 1 ∶ 9,the prepared pressing agent is easier to combine with aerosol dust.Through surface tension analysis,it is found that the pressing agent with different monomer ratio can affect their wettability for aerosol dust.When n（AA） ∶ n（AM） is 3∶7,the pressing agent has a minimum contact angle of 64.3° with aerosols.The spray atomization experiment shows that the pressing agent with n（AA） ∶ n（AM） = 1 ∶ 9 can accelerate settlement of aerosols and has an obviously suppressing effect.Compared with the natural sedimentation method,this method makes the time that theconcentration of aerosol dust reaches half the original value reduce from 9.4 min to 2.0 min.