立宪的国家理性及其中国问题

Constitutional Reason of State and its Chinese Issues

立宪的国家理性是对工具主义的国家理性在价值上的缺失而作出的拯救,它表明国家安全和存续只是国家存在的"理由",在此基础上还需要有一个国家存在的"正当性"问题,那就是对个人自由和权利的保护。中国在建构立宪的国家理性中存在以下两个问题:一是由于没有自然法、永恒法和自然权利的传统,缺乏充分理解个人自由和权利的价值背景;二是在内外交困的特殊情势下,"救国图存"和"国家富强"构成了国家存在的理由,自由和权利被当作是实现这一理由的技术或手段,而不是作为价值理性为工具主义的国家理性提供正当性基础。"推进国家治理现代化"和"维护宪法权威"既是针对中国问题作出的回应,也是对立宪的国家理性的谋划。

Constitutional reason of state compensates the value that instrumental reason of state lacks. It claims that the security and survival of the state are only the reason that a state exists. On this basis there remains the question of the justification of a state＇ s existence, that is, protection of individual liberty and rights. China has to tackle two problems in her process of constructing constitutional reason of state ： Firstly, in the absence of natural law, eternal law and natural rights, it lacks full understanding of the value liberty and rights ; Secondly, stuck in internal and external ＂troubles＂, ＂saving the nation ; system of individual struggling for exist- ence＂ and＂ setting up a powerful nation＂ make up the reason of the state＇ s existence. Under such cireumstanee, individual liberty and rights are used to realize the reason, rather than serving as value reason that provides le- gitimacy foundation for instrumental reason of state. ＂Promoting the modernization of state governance＂ and ＂maintain constitutional authority＂ are not only responding to China＇ s issues, but also paving for constitutional reason of state.