129份湖北蚕豆地方种质的子粒外观及品质性状分析

Analysis of Grain Appearance and Quality Characters of 129 Faba Bean Landraces of Hubei Province

对129份湖北蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）地方种质的外观特性和品质特性进行了调查分析。这些品种的外观特性表现为中小粒型、粒色为乳白色和深绿色。品种的品质特性表现为蛋白质含量24.48%~30.93%,脂肪含量1.09%~2.58%,直链淀粉含量7.92%~12.99%,支链淀粉含量27.28%~42.25%,总淀粉含量36.62%~50.99%。品质特性与子粒大小无关,但与子粒颜色关联紧密,乳白色品种蛋白质含量较高,而深绿色品种淀粉含量较高。品质性状之间蛋白质含量与淀粉含量呈显著负相关,脂肪含量与直链淀粉含量呈显著负相关,与支链淀粉含量呈显著正相关。直链淀粉含量与支链淀粉含量呈显著负相关。支链淀粉含量与总淀粉含量呈显著正相关。根据品质性状可将129个地方品种聚为四类,第Ⅰ类和第Ⅲ类为高蛋白质品种,第Ⅳ类为高脂肪和高淀粉品种,第Ⅱ类为蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉含量适中品种。该研究结果可为进一步利用湖北地方品种选育和改良蚕豆品种提供理论依据。

Investigation and analysis were launched on the appearance and quality characteristics of 129 faba bean landraces of Hubei province. The appearance characteristics of these varieties were small and medium grain type and grain color was milky white and dark green. The quality characteristics of the landraces showed that the protein content was 24.48%~30.93%,the fat content was 1.09%~2.58%,the amylose content was 7.92%~12.99%,the branch starch content was 27.28%~42.25%,and the total starch content was 36.62%~50.99%. The quality characteristics were not related to grain size,but closely related to the color of grain. The protein content was higher in grains with milky white color,whereas the content of starch was higher in grains with deep green color. The protein content was significantly negatively correlated with starch content. The fat content was significantly negatively correlated with the amylose content,and significantly positively correlated with the branch starch content. Amylose and branch starch were negatively correlated. The contents of amylose starch and total starch were significantly positively correlated. According to the quality traits,129 landraces could be divided into four categories. Cluster Ⅰ and Ⅲ were high protein varieties,and cluster Ⅳ was high fat and high starch varieties. Cluster Ⅱ wasthe moderate varieties of protein,fat and starch. The results of this study provided theoretical basis for breeding and improvement of faba bean by using Hubei landraces.