济宁雾日和霾日时空分布对比分析及变化规律初探

Climatic Characteristics and Change Laws of Fogand Haze Days in Jining

利用济宁地区11个气象观测站点10年（2005-2014年）的雾和霾地面观测资料,运用统计分析和多项式拟合的方法对济宁地区雾和霾的时空分布特征及演变规律进行研究。结果表明,济宁11个市县雾日的逐月变化可分成单峰-单谷型、不规则波动型、U型和双峰-双谷型;11个市县霾日的月变化可以分成3峰-3谷型和3峰-2谷型;6月发生雾天气最少,但霾天气却是多发月份;济宁地区的雾日空间分布呈西北多东南少的特点,即洼地多、丘陵少、平原居中;济宁地区的霾日空间分布呈北多南少、山区多平原少的特点,且四季的空间分布基本一致,说明霾的发生也和地形有很大关系;济宁地区雾和霾在1~12月均有发生,其中秋冬季雾日最多（占72%）、夏季最少（占13%）;霾日在夏季和秋冬季分布比较均匀,春季最少（占19%）;近10年济宁地区霾日的变化规律呈波状上升;雾的月际变化呈U形分布。

Based on the fog and haze data from 11 meteorological stations in Jining, the temporal and spatial climatic characteristics and change laws of fog and haze days in recent 10 years were analyzed. The results indicated that from 2005 to2014, the monthly variation of fog days in Jining could be divided into peak to valley, irregular fluctuation,U type and double peak to valley. The haze days monthly variation of Jining could be divided into three peak to valley and three peak to two valley. At June, fog climate was the least, but haze climate was the most. The results showed that the fog days in Jining increased from southeast to northwest. The haze days in Jining increased from south to north, and the plain to the mountain area. The distribution in different seasons was consistent, there was a great relationship between haze and terrain. The fog/haze days occurred in every month in Jining, the fog days in autumn and winter account for 72%, 13% in summer. The haze days was well distributed in winter, autumn and summer（25%,27% and 29% respectively）, 19% in spring. Decadal variation law of the haze days was obvious, and showed wavy increasing rapidly in recent ten years. Law of the fog days inter-monthly variation was obvious, showed distribution with U pattern.