四纹豆象在不同豆类上的生长发育研究

Study on the Legume Varieties on the Growth and Development of Callosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera:Bruchidae)

在室内温度30℃、相对湿度70%条件下,以绿豆、小豆、豌豆、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆、大豆、多花菜豆和普通菜豆为食料,研究四纹豆象(Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius)卵、幼虫和成虫的生长发育历期、成活率及成虫繁殖力。结果表明,四纹豆象在供试的8种豆类上均能产卵,但仅在绿豆、小豆、豌豆、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆上能完成其生活史。其中,在蚕豆上卵历期最长,为(5.80±0.85)d,且与在其他豆类上的卵历期存在显著性差异;以小豆为食料的四纹豆象卵孵化率最高,为(73.61±5.24)%,在绿豆上卵孵化率次之,为(72.92±2.08)%,且与豌豆、蚕豆、鹰嘴豆上差异显著;卵孵化后,幼虫仅在绿豆、小豆、豌豆、蚕豆和鹰嘴豆上蛀入为害,在蚕豆上四纹豆象世代发育历期最长,为(47.75±3.50)d,且与在绿豆、小豆、鹰嘴豆上差异显著;四纹豆象在小豆上世代存活率最高,为(59.03±9.39)%,且与绿豆、豌豆、蚕豆和鹰嘴豆4种豆类差异显著,内禀增长率和周限增长率也均较大,分别为0.029 3和1.029 7。

The development,survival rate and reproduction of Callosobruchus maculates feeding on the seeds of Vigna radiata,V. umbellata,Pisum sativum,Vicia faba,Cicer arietinum,Glycine max,Phaseolus multiflorus and P. vulgaris L. were studied in laboratory under the temperature of 30 ℃ and relative humidity of 70%. All the eight legume varieties were spawned,but the hatching rate existed difference in eight varieties of bean seeds. The egg duration was（5.80±0.85） d in V. faba,which was the longest and had significant difference with other four beans. The egg hatchability was（73.61±5.24）% in V. umbellata,which was the highest. The egg hatchability was（72.92±2.08）% in V. radiate, which was taken second place and had significant difference with other three beans. The larvae only could feed on the following five varieties, including V. radiate, V.umbellata,V. faba, P. Sativum and C. arietinum. The development period of generation fed on V. faba was the longest, which was（47.75±3.50） d and had significant difference with V. radiate, V. umbellate and C. arietinum. The generation survival rate on V. umbellate was（59.03±9.39）%, which was the highest and had significant difference with other four beans. The intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were the maximum, which were 0.029 3 and 1.029 7, respectively.