神府矿区采煤塌陷裂隙对坡面土壤水分及植被生长状况的影响

Effects of Mining-induced Slope Collapse Fractures on Soil Moisture and Vegetation in Shenfu Coal Mining Area

[目的]探究采煤塌陷裂隙(塌陷发生2a之后)对坡面土壤水分和植被影响的过程与特征,为采煤塌陷区域植被恢复与生态环境重建提供理论支持。[方法]通过对神府矿区采煤塌陷产生的裂隙两侧的土壤容重,土壤水分以及植被状况进行调查分析开展研究。[结果](1)采煤塌陷裂隙的出现会导致周边土壤松动,致使土壤容重降低。(2)在裂隙走向与坡向呈直角或接近直角的情况下,裂隙的出现阻隔了正常的坡面径流,裂隙下方由于接受径流变少而导致水分状况变差,裂隙对于坡面土壤水分的影响大约在裂隙下方3m的范围内;在裂隙两壁处,由于裂隙而出现新的表土面,该处的蒸发效应强烈,裂隙坡面的土壤含水量低于无裂隙坡面(3)裂隙坡面植被的地上生物量较无裂隙坡面低,且越远离裂隙,地上生物量恢复程度越高。[结论]在不考虑其他因素的影响下,裂隙的出现会使裂隙处以及下部坡面水分状况变差,进而会对植被生长产生抑制作用。

[Objective] The effects of mining-induced collapse fracture occurrence（two years after collapse） on slope vegetation characteristics were demonstrated to provide theoretical support for revegetation and improvement of ecological environment in the coal mining subsidence area.[Methods] Soil bulk density, soil moisture and vegetation on two sides of collapse fractures in the Shenfu coal mining area were investigated and analyzed.[Results] （1） The collapse fracture occurrence made surrounding soil loose and thus resulted to the decrease of soil bulk density nearby. （2） In the case of fracture striking at right angle or close right angle to slope aspect, the fractures affected soil moisture about 3 m slope downward, as the water status in the slope downward part of the fracture became worse due to the intercepting effect of runoff. In the walls of the fracture, soil water content on fracture slope was lower than that the one on slope without fracture as a result of strong evaporation. （3） The aboveground biomass of the vegetation on the fractured slope lower than the one on non-fracture slope. The farther from the fracture, the higher of aboveground biomass revived.[Conclusion] If no other factors exist, the fracture occurrence can worsen soil moisture condition within it; and in the downward part, it can further inhibite the growth of vegetation.