圣女果“3414”肥效试验及施肥模型的建立

Cherry Tomatoes“3414”Manure Trial and Establishment of Fertilization Model

[目的]研究圣女果栽培中氮、磷、钾肥的最佳施用量。[方法]以千禧圣女果为试验材料,采用测土配方施肥推荐的"3414"统一标准进行试验设计,开展肥效试验。利用Microsoft Excel软件,建立一套关于肥效与产量的三元二次回归曲线方法,研究氮、磷、钾肥用量与圣女果产量的关系,筛选最优施肥组合。[结果]试验地基础肥力条件下圣女果产量为14 277.30 kg/hm^2,缺氮、缺磷、缺钾条件下相对产量分别为58.7%、85.3%、92.8%。磷、氮、钾配合施用能够提升圣女果的农艺性状。根据产量结果拟合方程得出,施肥量分别为氮453.15 kg/hm^2、磷285.15 kg/hm^2、钾130.20 kg/hm^2时产量最高,施肥三要素比例为3.5∶2.2∶1.0。单因素肥效分析显示,各肥料施用量与圣女果产量之间均表现出典型的抛物线特征。[结论]该研究为圣女果的科学栽培及产量提升提供技术支撑。

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the optimum application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the cultivation of cher- ry tomatoes. [ Method ] Based on the ＂3414＂ unified standard recommended by soil testing and fertilization, the experiment was designed to carry out the fertilizer efficiency experiment. Using Microsoft Excel software, the quadratic regression curve method about fertilizer efficiency and yield was established. The relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration and cherry tomatoes yield was studied, the optimal fertilization combination was selected. [ Result] The results showed that the yield of cherry tomato is 14 277.30 kg,/hm2 under the basic fertility condition, while under the conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency, yields of cherry tomato were 58.7%, 85.3% and 92.8%, respectively. Phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers could promote agronomic traits. According to the fitting equation of yield, the yield was the highest when the fertilizer was N 453.15 kg/hm2, P2O5 285.15 kg/hm2, K2O 130.20 kg/hm2, and the proportion of the three elements was 3.5 ： 2.2 ： 1. The results of single factor analysis showed that the typical parabolic characteristics were found between the application rates of fertilizers and cherry tomato yield. [ Conclusion] The study can provide technical support for scientific cultivation and yield improvement of cherry tomatoes.