高丛蓝莓杂交育种及种子萌发研究

Research on Hybrid Breeding and Seed Germination Technology of Highbush Blueberry

[目的]创新蓝莓种质资源,培育新品种。[方法]以6个高丛蓝莓品种为材料,采用4种授粉方式进行人工杂交,设5个赤霉素溶液浸种处理,研究赤霉素对杂交种子发芽率的影响。[结果]选取即将开放的花蕾去雄授粉,以去雄后直接授粉的结实率最低,去雄后5 d授粉的结实率最高。参试6个高丛蓝莓品种具有较高的杂交亲和性,不同杂交组合的结实率、坐果率不同且不呈正相关,同一对亲本的正反交结实率有较大差异,薄雾×夏普兰结实率、坐果率最高（分别为87.2%、62.8%）,莱格西×奥尼尔结实率最低（为65.4%）,布里吉塔×南金坐果率最低（为41.5%）。杂交果实的成熟期提前,杂种果实性状受母本影响较大。不同浓度赤霉素处理的始发芽时间均显著缩短,200 mg/L赤霉素是奥尼尔×南金发芽最佳处理,大于600 mg/L赤霉素浸种不利于奥尼尔×夏普兰发芽。赤霉素处理不同组合的杂交种子发芽率在35.0%-75.0%,始发芽时间在20-30 d。[结论]相同倍性蓝莓品种杂交亲和性较高,授粉以去雄后3-5 d为宜,赤霉素处理能显著缩短杂交种子的始发芽时间。

[ Objective ] In order to innovate the germplasm resources and cultivate new varieties of blueberry. [ Method] Selecting 6 highbush blueberry cultivars, the effect of GA3 on the ermination rate of hybrid seed was studied using 4 pollination methods of artificial hybridization by setting 5 gibberellin solution soaking treatment. [ Result] Selecting open bud pollinate after emasculation, the seed setting rate of direct pollina- tion was the lowest, after 5 days emasculation rate was the highest. The 6 tested varieties had high cross compatibility. The seed setting rate, fruit setting rate was different and not positively correlated in different combinations. There was a big difference between the reciprocal cross of the same pair of parents in the seed setting rate. The seed setting rate, fruit setting rate of‘ Misty × Sharpblue ’ was the hightest,respectively 87.2%, 62.8%, the seed setting rate of‘ legcy × O’ neal＇ （65.4%） was the lowest, the fruit setting rate of‘ Brigitta × Southgold’ （41.5%） was the lowest. The mature period of hybrid fruit was ahead of time, and affected by the female parent. The germination time was sig- nificantly shortened at different concentrations of GA treatment, 200 mg/L GA3 was the best treatment of OS germination, more than 600 mg/L GA3 is not conducive to the germination of OX. The germination rate of hybrid seeds treated with different combinations of GA3 ranged from 35.0% to 75.0% , and the germination time ranged from 20 to 30 d. [ Conclusion] The hybrid affinity of the same ploidy blueberry cultivars was higher. The pollination treatment of 3-5 days after emasculation was appropriate. Gibberellin treatment can significantly shorten the initial germination time of hybrid seeds.