施氮量对柑橘产量·品质·经济效益的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield,Quality and Economic Performance of Citrus Fruits

[目的]明确柑橘合理的施氮量。[方法]以纽荷尔脐橙为供试品种,设4个处理,分别为不施氮肥（CK）、施氮量0.315、0.450、0.585 kg/株,研究不同氮肥施用量对柑橘农艺性状、产量、果实商品性、经济效益的影响。[结果]氮肥可提高柑橘农艺性状,使平均单株果数增加44.6-66.2个,平均单果重增加13.7-27.3 g,果实纵径和横径分别增大1.9-3.7、2.9-4.0 mm;可提高柑橘产量,增产率为21.94%-57.99%;特等果和一等果重量明显增大,增幅分别为14.93%-27.62%、38.91%-42.58%;随着施氮量的增大,果实品质和经济效益反而有所下降。[结论]综合柑橘的农艺性状、产量、商品性及经济效益,适宜的施氮量为0.450 kg/株。

[ Objective ] The aim was to determine the reasonable nitrogen application amount on citrus. [ Method ] With Newhall navel orange as the tested variety, setting up 4 treatments namely no nitrogen fertilizer（ CK）, nitrogen application amount of 0. 315, 0. 450, 0.585 kg/plant, the agronomic traits, yield, fruit commodity, economic benefit of citrus under various nitrogen application quantities were studied. [ Result] The nitrogen fertilizer could enhance agronomic traits, increase average fruit number per plant, average single fruit weight, fruit lon- gitudinal diameter and transverse diameter by 44.6-66.2 fruits, 13.7-27.3 g, 1.9-3.7 mm, 2.9-4.0 mm, respectively ; increase the yield of citrus by the growth rate of 21.94% -57.99% ; weight of top grade fruit and first grade fruit was significantly increased by amplification of 14.93%-27.62% and 38.91%-42.58%; fruit quality and economic benefits were declined with increasing of nitrogen application amount. [ Conclusion] Considering agronomic characters, yield, commodity and economic benefit of citrus, the appropriate nitrogen application quanti- ty is 0. 450 kg/plant.