技工型企业员工职业倦怠状况及影响因素分析

Job burnout and its influencing factors among technical employees in enterprises

目的了解技工型企业员工的职业倦怠状况及其影响因素,为开展相关预防和干预措施提供参考。方法采用横断面调查法,以广东省10家生产制造类企业的849名技工型企业员工为研究对象,采用《Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版》对其职业倦怠情况进行调查。结果 849名技工型企业员工职业倦怠检出率为65.1%(553/849),职业倦怠总分及情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、成就感低落维度得分的中位数与四分位数间距分别为2.6(0.9)、2.4(1.6)、2.0(2.0)和3.0(1.8)分。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,对工作不满意组和无接受心理健康教育组员工出现职业倦怠、情绪衰竭和玩世不恭的风险增加(P<0.01);不找人倾诉组员工出现职业倦怠及成就感低落的风险增加(P<0.05);年龄≤19.0岁组员工发生情绪衰竭的风险增高(P<0.05);男性组、工龄≤2年组员工出现成就感低落的风险增加(P<0.05)。结论技工型企业员工职业倦怠因工作满意度、心理健康教育经历的不同而异,提升工作满意度和心理健康教育经历可以减轻其职业倦怠。

Objective To investigate the job burnout level and its influencing factors among technical employees in enterprises and to provide prevention and intervention measures. Methods Using the cross-sectional investigation method,849 mechanic employees in enterprises from 10 manufacturing companies in Guangdong province were selected as study subjects. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey was used to investigate their job burnout situation. Results Among the 849 technical employees in enterprises,the rate of job burnout was 65. 1%（ 553 /849）. The median and interquartile range of the job burnout total score,emotional exhaustion,cynicism,low sense of achievement scores were2. 6（ 0. 9）,2. 4（ 1. 6）,2. 0（ 2. 0） and 3. 0（ 1. 8） respectively. The binary logistic regression analysis results indicated that the risks of job burnout,emotional exhaustion and cynicism for the groups of employees who were not satisfied with their job and had no mental health education were increased（ P〈0. 01）. The risks of job burnout and low sense of achievement for the group of employees who didn＇t confide to others were increased（ P〈0. 05）. The risk of emotional exhaustion for the group of employees who ≤19. 0 years of age was increased（ P〈0. 05）. The risk of low sense of achievement for the male group of employees and who ≤2 years of seniority was increased（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The main influencing factors of job burnout among the technical employees in enterprises are work satisfaction and psychological education experiences in technical schools. Thus,job satisfaction improvement as well as more experiences of psychological education in technical school can alleviate their job burnout.