广东省某核电站周围居民核能认知现状调查

Investigation on the awareness of the residents around a nuclear power plant in Guangdong province

目的了解广东省某在建核电站周围居民对核能的认知程度、对核电站安全性评价以及对核电站建设的态度。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,以某在建核电站30 km为范围,按每5 km为1层共划分6层,抽取1 029名一般公众和260名意见代表人士作为调查对象进行问卷调查。结果有74.9%(965/1 289)的调查对象认为其对核能知识"非常不了解"或"不太了解",仅有3.1%(40/1 289)的调查对象认为其对核能知识"比较了解"或"非常了解";一般公众对核能认知的得分低于意见代表人士(中位数:1.0 vs 3.0分,P<0.01);男性、年龄越小、文化程度越高、家庭年均收入越高、有宗教信仰和居住地离核电站越近的调查对象对核能的认知程度越高(P<0.05)。有28.4%(366/1 289)的调查对象认为核电站是"非常安全"或"比较安全";一般公众对核电站安全性评价较低者多于意见人士(P<0.01);意见代表人士、年龄越大和居住地离核电站越远的调查对象对核电站安全性评价越高(P<0.05)。仅有13.0%(167/1 289)的调查对象对在其居住地建设核电站表示支持;男性、有家属在核电站工作、对核能认知程度越高和对核电站安全性评价越高的调查对象对当地建设核电站的支持度越高(P<0.05)。调查对象最相信的核能信息来源有专家、政府官员、核电站管理人员和国内媒体。结论核电站周围居民的核能认知程度较低,应采取有效措施提高当地居民对核能的认知和对政府的信任。

Objective To understand the general awareness of the residents around a newly built nuclear power,to evaluate the safety and the attitude on the construction of nuclear power. Methods By the stratified random sampling method,1 029 general publics and 260 representatives were selected for investigation. The participants were from 30 km range around the nuclear power plant,each 5 km was assigned as 1 layer and there were total 6 layers. Results 74. 9%（ 965 /1 289） interviewees were not aware of nuclear power,3. 1%（ 40 /1 289） interviewees were well or very-well understand nuclear power. The awareness score of the general publics was lower than that of the representatives（ 1. 0 vs3. 0,P〈0. 01）; male,younger people,higher educational level,higher family income,religious people and living close to the nuclear power plant had higher awareness（ P〈0. 05）. A total of 28. 4%（ 366 /1 289） interviewees considered the nuclear power was very safe or safe. The evaluation of nuclear power safety of the general publics was inferior to the representatives（ P〈0. 05）. The representatives,older people and those living far away from the nuclear power have better evaluation on the nuclear power safety than the general publics（ P〈0. 05）. Only 13. 0%（ 167 /1 289） interviewees supported building the nuclear power in their residence construction; male,people with family members working in nuclear power plant,people with high degree of awareness on nuclear power,considered highly safety of the nuclear power had higher support for the local nuclear power construction（ P〈0. 05）. The interviewees who mostly believe about nuclear energy sources were experts,government officials,plant management and domestic media. Conclusion Residents around the nuclear power plant had low awareness of the knowledge about nuclear power. Therefore,it is necessary to enhance the awareness of residents on nuclear power and the trust on the government.