2004-2015年上海市金山区麻疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2015

目的分析2004—2015年金山区麻疹流行特征，为完善本区消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法通过国家传染病报告信息管理系统、麻疹监测信息报告管理系统（Measles Surveillance System, MSS）及个案流调资料，收集2004—2015年金山区麻疹报告确诊病例，了解金山区麻疹发病特征。结果2004—2015年金山区共报告麻疹确诊病例225例，平均年发病率2.66/10万，2005年发病率（11.27/10万）最高，2011年（0.14/10万）最低，发病率总体呈下降趋势（Z＝－6.689, P〈0.000 1）；3～5月病例数占总体的65.33%；流动人口发病率（4.00/10万）高于户籍人口（2.18/10万，χ^2＝20.467, P〈0.000 1）；发病年龄呈双峰分布，主要集中在≥20岁和〈5岁年龄组；工人和民工、散居儿童、家政和家务及待业、农民和渔民是麻疹高发人群；有明确麻疹免疫史者9例。结论2004—2015年金山区麻疹发病率总体呈下降趋势，发病有时间和人群聚集性，提示金山区麻疹发病处于可防可控状态。建议进一步加强麻疹疫情的监测，重点做好适龄儿童和成人的麻疹常规免疫和查漏补种，特别是流动人口的免疫预防，保持人群高免疫保护水平。

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2015 in order to provide guidelines for measles control.MethodsA descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on measles cases reported in Jinshan District during 2004 to 2015. Epidemiological data of those cases were collected from surveillance system of infectious disease, Measles Surveillance System （MSS） and case study records.ResultsA total of 225 confirmed measles cases were analyzed in this study with an annual incidence of 2.66/100 000. The highest incidence was 11.27/100 000 in 2005 and the lowest incidence was 0.14/100 000 in 2011, taking on a descending trend （Z=-6.689, P〈0.000 1）. The number of cases from March to May accounted for 65.33%. The incidence of measles in floating population （4.00/100 000） was higher than that in resident population （2.18/100 000） （χ^2=20.467, P〈0.000 1）. The measles cases mainly concentrated in age groups of ≥20 years and 〈5 years. Workers, scattered children, domestic workers, farmers and fishermen had high incidences of measles. Measles vaccine immunization history was clear in nine cases.ConclusionThe incidence of measles in Jinshan District shows a general trend of decline in this decade with time and population clusters in occurrence, suggesting that the occurrence of measles in Jinshan is under control. It is necessary to strengthen measles surveillance, regular immunization among children and supplementary immunization among adults, especially in floating population, in order to maintain high levels of immune protection.