系统功能视角下的现代汉语情状体系统

Situation Aspect of Mandarin Chinese:A Systemic Functional Approach

在系统功能语言学视角下,情状体是描述过程内部时间结构的经验范畴。研究表明,过程具有[±静态]、[±时长]、[±完成]语义特征;依据这三组语义特征,情状体可分为活动、完结、实现、状态、性质与变化六种类型。在形式层上,活动、完结、实现由动词说明的谓体体现,性质与变化由性质词组、名词词组、数量词组、小句填充的谓体体现,而状态则既可由动词说明的谓体体现,也可由其他类型的谓体体现。

From the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics, situation aspect is defined as an experiential category describing the internal temporal structure of the process, and processes are characterized by the inherent semantic features of [±stative], [±temporal] and [±telic]. With reference to these features, situation aspects can be classified into six types: activity, achievement, accomplishment, state, attribute and change. At the level of form, the activity,achievement and accomplishment aspects are realized by the Predicator expounded by verbs; the attribute and change aspects are realized by the Predicator filled by the quality group, nominal group, quantity group and clause; and the state aspect can be realized either by the Predicator expounded by verbs or by the Predicator filled by other units.