新企业组织学习对惯例的影响研究——组织结构的调节作用

The Impact of Organizational Learning on Routines in New Ventures:The Regulating Effect of Organizational Structure

组织惯例广泛存在于成熟企业之中,然而学者对新企业惯例以及影响惯例的因素并未展开深入的探讨。聚焦于分析新企业中组织学习对组织惯例的影响,并考虑到组织结构的调节作用;基于组织学习理论和组织惯例的研究成果,在组织学习过程中,知识会被存储在组织记忆,并与组织记忆共同存储在惯例中,进而决定惯例表现形式。而组织结构会影响学习过程中知识在组织中的传递。新企业在走向成熟的过程中必然伴随着组织运行的惯例化过程,在这个过程中,企业会通过实践和观察行业中其他企业获取运行和发展的知识。由于组织惯例的核心内容是存储在惯例中的知识,以知识的内外部获取为划分依据,研究替代式学习和体验式学习两种不同的组织学习方式;以惯例存储的知识的显性和隐性特征为划分依据,研究显性惯例和隐性惯例两种不同的组织惯例;基于对知识传递的影响作用不同,将组织结构划分为机械型组织结构和有机型组织结构;构建受组织结构调节影响的新企业组织学习影响组织惯例的理论模型,进行定量研究,采用SPSS 20.0软件对来源于长春地区的188家新企业的数据进行分析,并检验相关假设。研究结果表明,替代式学习和体验式学习对新企业的显性惯例有正向影响,体验式学习对新企业的隐性惯例有正向影响,替代式学习对隐性惯例有负向影响。机械型组织结构中,体验式学习对显性惯例和隐性惯例的正向影响更大,机械型组织结构和有机型组织结构对替代式学习影响显性惯例和隐性惯例的调节作用并不显著。研究结果揭示了新企业中组织学习影响惯例的作用机理,进一步细化了二者之间关系的研究,为新企业规范化和制度化运行提供了借鉴意义。

At present, although it is very common that Organizational routines exist in mature enterprises, scholars have not dis- cussed in depth the organizational routines and influential factors of organizational routines in new ventures. This paper is focused on demonstrating that organizational learning is influential for organizational routines in new ventures, which is regulated by or- ganizational structures. According to organizational learning theory and the studies of organizational routines, knowledge stored into organizational memory and routines can decide the representations of routines during the learning process. Meanwhile, organ- izational structures can influence the transmission of knowledge in new ventures. With the gradual maturity of new ventures, it is certain that the operation of organizations will became routinized by absorb- ing knowledge through practicing and observing other ventures. As the core content of organizational routines is the knowledge stored into it, this paper studies two different organizational learning： vicarious learning and experiential learning based on inter- nal and external acquisition of knowledge in new ventures; two different routines： explicit routine and tacit routine based on ex- plicit and tacit characteristics of knowledge. We also divide organizational structures into two parts： mechanical and organic or- ganizational structures, as the two kinds of organizational structures have different influences for the transmission of knowledge. Afterwards, we construct a theoretical model on the influence of organizational learning on organizational routines in new ventures by considering the regulating effect of organizational structures. Relevant hypothesis have been verified by analyzing the data of 188 new ventures from Changchan using spss 20.0 software. Our study demonstrates that both vicarious learning and experiential learning have positive effects on explicit routine, and experiential learning has positive effects on tacit routine. But vicarious learning has negative effects on tacit routine. Experiential learning more affects for both explicit routine and tacit routine in mechanical organizational structures than that of vicarious learn- ing. Both mechanical organizational structure and organic organizational structure are not significant for the influence of vicarious learning on explicit routine and tacit routine. The result of our study reveals the mechanism about the influence of organizational learning on organizational routine in new ventures through making further efforts in studying the relations between organizational learning and organizational routine them- selves and provides a reference for the standardized and institutionalized operations of new ventures.