广州市大学生体育锻炼及其影响因素分析

Physical exercise and associated factors among university student in Guangzhou

目的了解广州市大学生的体育锻炼现况及其影响因素,为促进大学生运动与体质健康提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对广州市3所高校1 038名大学生进行体育锻炼情况问卷调查。结果仅有3.3%(34/1 038)的大学生养成体育锻炼习惯,经常运动的学生占26.5%(275/1 038),70.2%(729/1 038)的学生很少运动;大学生体质量指数不达标的占36.6%(380/1 038)。大学生体育锻炼重要性认知平均得分为9.98,其中得分大于均分者占55.5%(576/1 038);只有54.7%的学生能达到中等强度以上的锻炼。大学生体育锻炼的主要动机是强身健体(64.5%)、塑造形体(46.4%)和释放压力(39.7%),但常因为自身惰性、学业繁重和课余活动安排太满无法坚持锻炼。Logistic回归分析显示,男生(OR=1.375)、体育类专业(OR=10.696)、参与体育组织(OR=1.439)、体育锻炼重要性认知得分大于平均分(OR=1.953)的学生更容易养成体育锻炼习惯。结论广州市大学生体育锻炼习惯养成比例较低。高校应有针对性的开展相关健康教育和行为干预,改善大学生锻炼现况。

Objective To investigate physical exercise and associated factors among undergraduate students in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 1 038 students were selected by cluster sampling from three universities in Guangzhou and implemented with a standardized questionnaire survey. Results The proportion of habitual, regular and rare exercise were 3.3%（ 34/1 038）, 26.5% （275/1 038） and 70.2%（ 729/1 038）, respectively. Almost 36.6%（ 380/1 038） of students did not meet the optimal body mass in- dex. Approximately 66.53% of students thought physical exercise as ＂important＂ and 55.5% （576/1 038） ＂acceptable＂. Only 54.7% of students reported moderate intensity physical exercise. The main motivations for physical exercise included getting strong, perfect shape and releasing pressure. Heavy schoolwork and extracurricular activities was the main reason of inconsistence to exercise. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male（ OR = 1.375）, physical education major （ OR = 10.696）, have joined sports clubs （ OR= 1.439） and thinking highly of the importance of physical exercise （ OR = 1.953） increased the participation on physical exercise. Conclusion The proportion of regular physical exercise among university students in Guangzhou is relatively low. Physical exercise health education and behavioral intervention should be carried out to improve physical exercise.