早期教养人及教养人更换与儿童焦虑的关系

Stability of early life caregiver and childhood anxiety

目的 探讨儿童早期养育者及养育者更换与儿童焦虑的关系,为儿童焦虑的预防提供依据。方法 数据来源于深圳龙华儿童队列。采用Conners父母问卷对9 289名3-4岁儿童的焦虑进行调查,用自编问卷调查儿童早期教养人及教养人更换的情况。结果 儿童4-6月、7-12月、〉1-2岁、〉2-3岁期间,由父母教养组（0.43±0.35,0.43±0.35,0.43±0.35,0.43±0.34）和母亲与祖辈一起教养组（0.44±0.34,0.44±0.34,0.43±0.34,0.44±0.34）的儿童焦虑得分均比祖辈或其他教养组（0.47±0.38,0.47±0.37,0.47±0.37,0.47±0.37）的得分低,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）。早期没有更换教养人组（0.43±0.34,0.42±0.34）儿童焦虑得分均比更换教养人1次组（0.47±0.36,0.46±0.35）和更换教养人2次组（0.48±0.38,0.49±0.38）得分低,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）。结论 早期教养人为父母的儿童焦虑发生可能性较小;而早期更换教养人,则儿童焦虑发生可能性增大。应提倡在儿童早期应由父母教养,或者在教养过程中尽可能少更换教养人。

Objective To explore the relationship between early life caregiver and stability with childhood anxiety. Meth- otis Data from Longhua Children Cohort were used in this analysis. Participants included 9289 children aged 3-4 years old selected from kindergartens of Longhua in Shenzhen City. Parents of children were implemented with the Conner＇s Questionnaire and the self-designed questionnaire survey. Results During the first 4-6 months old, 7-12 months old, 1-2 years old, 2-3 years old, childhood anxiety scores were lower among whose caregivers were parents or both mother and grandparents, compared with children whose caregivers were only grandparents or other caregivers; Children with stable caregiver had low anxiety compared with children with caregivers changed for one or two times. Conclusion Children live with parents or together with grandparents in a stable care- giving situation have lower risk of anxiety. Parents and other family members should create as stable and predictable environment for the child as possible.