球形钛粉先进制备技术研究进展

Review on Advanced Preparation Technology of Spherical Titanium Powders

高性能球形钛粉具有球形度高、流动性好、松装密度高、氧含量低(<0.15%(质量分数))、粒度细等特点,主要应用于金属注射成型、激光增材制造及热喷涂等领域。目前国内外球形金属钛粉的制备技术主要包括雾化法和球化法。雾化法是工业生产制备球形钛粉应用最广泛的方法,主要包括气体雾化、离心雾化、等离子火炬雾化技术以及超声雾化技术,本文详述了各种制备技术的基本原理及其各自特点。其中气雾化技术所制备的钛粉末粒度细小、球形度高、氧含量低,具备大规模生产的能力并且成本低,是目前生产高性能球形钛及合金粉末的主要方法。最后指出低氧低成本细粒度球形钛粉末的制备是钛及合金粉末发展的主要方向,优化制粉工艺、重视粉体基础理论研究是获得高性能球形钛粉的主要途径。

High-quality spherical titanium powder had the characteristics of good sphericity, fluidity, apparent density, low oxygen content（ 〈0.15% （mass fraction））and fine particle size. High-quality spherical titanium powder was applied in metal injection molding, laser additive manufacturing and thermal spraying. Several methods of preparing spherical titanium powder, including spheroidization and atomization were introduced. Atomization was the main process of producing spherical titanium powder in industry, including gas atomization and centrifugal atomization and so on. The features of all the processes were analyzed. Since the titanium powder obtained by gas atomization was fine, spherical and with low oxygen content, large scale production possibility and low cost, gas atomization was one of the main methods for high-quality titanium and its alloy powders production. Finally, spherical titanium powder preparation of low oxygen content, fine particle size, low cost was the main direction of the development of titanium powder. Main approaches to obtain high-quality spherical titanium powder were as follows ： the first was to optimize powder manufacturing technology and the second was to improve powder basic theory research.