中国与加拿大尾矿库安全管理对比分析

Comparative analysis on safety management of tailings ponds in China and Canada

2007~2015年间,我国开展了一系列尾矿库专项整治和综合治理行动并取得明显成效,尾矿库总量降低至8869座,其中"头顶库"仍有1425座。充分学习和借鉴其他国家在尾矿库全生命周期安全管理方面的经验和措施,对完善我国尾矿库全生命周期安全管理制度,进一步提升我国尾矿库安全管理水平具有重要意义。本文总结了中国和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省尾矿库全生命周期安全管理要求,从尾矿库基本情况、法规标准情况、全生命周期安全管理流程、重要参数设计标准、施工要求、安全监测、闭库要求等7个方面,系统对比分析了两国尾矿库安全管理的特点和差异;在此基础上,提出了完善我国尾矿库全生命周期安全管理的对策措施。

From 2007 to 2015,series of specific rectification and comprehensive management of tailings pond carried out in China,achieving remarkable results.The total amount of tailings ponds reduced to8869,while there are still 1425 ＂head-top ponds＂.Fully learning the experience and measurements in tailings lifecycle safety management from other countries has important significance of improving Chinese tailings lifecycle safety management system construction and enhancing the level of safety management of tailings.This paper summed up China and British Columbia tailings lifecycle safety management requirements,analyzing the characteristics and differences between the two countries tailings safety management by comparing 7aspects,which is the tailings basic situation,regulations and standards,tailings lifecycle safety management process,parameters design standard,the requirement of construction,monitoring,tailings ponds closing management.Basing on this,this paper put forward some measurements of improving the lifecycle safety management of tailings ponds in China.