宁夏矿山环境质量空间分布特征及其分区

Environmental quality characteristics and spatial division of Ningxia mines

为明确宁夏矿山环境质量空间分布特征和问题区域,提供修复和管理的依据,以全区22个县区为研究单元,构建了土地占压、地质灾害、环境污染、水土流失四个维度的准则及对应的共16项指标的矿山环境综合评价指标体系,利用遥感解译与矿山环境统计资料获取数据,基于熵权模糊综合方法评价,利用Spss22.0进行模糊聚类分组,结合实地踏勘确定分级含义后分区。结果显示:宁夏矿山环境质量空间差异较大,中北部矿山环境质量总体优于南部山区、但北部局部县区问题突出,主要环境问题在北部老旧矿区集中的惠农区和大武口区、新兴矿区灵武市(县级市),以及中部的沙坡头区。全区划分了"严重区、较为严重区、一般区、良好区"四类矿山环境区,存在"面上连续、点上镶嵌"的特征。同时,应关注新兴矿山灵武市的开采进度,持续监测和预防,以最大限度降低环境危害。利用聚类分析得出的分级阈值存在不连续性,推广应用的前提是应加大案例样本以找出阈值分布的规律,从而实现连续分级。

Mines environment quality spatial distribution is important to government,which can provide the basis to repair and manage the mines environment of 22 counties in Ningxia province of China.Mines environment comprehensive evaluation index system was been built,include land use,geologic damage,environment pollution,water loss and soil erosion,and 16 indexs.The data was gotten by remote sensing data and mines environment statistics.Entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive method was used to evaluate the mines environmental quality,and then fuzzy clustering method by spss22.0 was used to divide the spatial partitions of mines environmental quality in Ningxia,and combined with field reconnaissance to determine result.The results show that the mines environmental quality in 22 counties is very differences.The northern part of Ningxia is generally better than the southern mountain area,but some of northern counties in Ningxia are worst.The mines environmental quality variation of 22 counties are relatively stable,and the main environmental problems are in the northern part of the old mining area of Huinong and Dawukou county,emerging mining area of Lingwu city and middle part of Ningxia i.e.Shapotou county.Then,Ningxia mines can be divided into four categories：＂serious area,more serious area,general area,good area＂.The distribution of mines environmental quality partitions is continuous from the province scale,but it concentrates from the counties scale.It should pay attention to the mining progress of the emerging mines,and continuously monitor on the mines environment,so as to early discovery and early management.The thresholds of categories by means of cluster analysis are discontinuity.It should increase the sample of cases,to find the threshold distribution of entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value,so as to realize the continuous grading.