恐怖主义的整合性治理--基于社会运动理论的视角

An Integrated Approach for Terrorism Governance: Based on the Insights of Social Movement Theory

在国际社会的共同努力下,打击恐怖主义已成为全球治理的一个重要领域。国际社会在打击恐怖主义过程中的一个突出特征是集中从立法和执法的角度治理恐怖主义,较少针对其产生和发展的结构性条件展开针对性的治理,而且未能就恐怖主义的意识形态采取有效的应对措施。社会运动理论可为全球恐怖主义治理提供具有新意的概念范畴和理论框架。根据社会运动理论提供的启示,国际社会要对恐怖主义进行有效治理,首先需要改变恐怖主义滋生和扩散的结构性条件;其次,要对恐怖主义希望获得的物质资源、人力资源、组织资源、象征资源等资源基础进行针对性打击;最后,国际社会还需要构建能削弱恐怖主义的架构叙事正义性与可信性的反叙事。从机会结构、动员资源、架构叙事三个方面全面对国际恐怖主义进行整合性治理,能有效提高恐怖主义治理的有效性。当然,对恐怖主义进行整合性治理是一项耗时耗力的系统工程,很难产生立竿见影的效果。但为了有效遏制当前恐怖主义强劲的发展势头,国际社会需要在合作打击恐怖主义方面付出更多的努力,并积极构想新的反恐路径。

Nowadays,thanks to the endeavors of international society,counter-terrorism has become a critical part of global governance.One prominent feature of international society's counter-terrorism is focusing on the legislation and law enforcement as the major counter-terrorism tool,whilst less attention is paid to the targeted governance from the perspective of its evolutionary structural conditions.Therefore,they have not fully come up with effective measures to counter terrorist ideology.This paper argues the Social Movement Theory(SMT)offers some enlightening concepts and analytical frameworks for terrorism governance.Based on SMT,effective terrorism governance requires the international society to firstly,change the structural conditions for the occurrence and diffusion of terrorism;secondly,employ targeted strike on the material resources,human resources,organizational resources,and symbolic resources terrorists struggle to mobilize;and finally,construct counter-narratives which could weaken the legitimacy and credibility of terrorist'narratives.An integrated approach covering the political opportunity structure,resources mobilization,and framing narrative of terrorism could promote the effectiveness of terrorism governance.It should be noted that implementing the integrated approach for terrorism governance is a systematic project requiring enormous time and labor,and that immediately positive effects would not to be seen.However,in order to halt the worrying trends of current terrorism threats,international society should make much more efforts than today to strengthen the cooperation on counter-terrorism,and innovate new approaches for terrorism governance.