论学校德育介入社会生活的三种价值取向

On Three Orientations to University Moral Education Intervening Social Life

学校德育介入社会生活的方式可以归结为三种基本价值取向:"适应取向"基于历史唯物主义的视角,强调学校德育对社会发展的单向服务;"超越取向"从实践唯物主义出发,突出学校德育对社会现实的批判与引领;"回归取向"在反思和重构社会生活和学校德育之关系的基础上,追求学校德育的生活化。三种取向之间不是上位与下位、目的与手段的关系,而是具有不同问题指向的并列关系。当前德育改革需要三种取向相互协作、密切配合才能有效应对现实生活的诸多问题。

At present, there are three main approaches to school moral education intervening social life. Based on the perspective of historical materialism, adaptive orientation emphasizes the service of school moral education to the development of society. Starting form practical materialism, transcen- dental orientation highlights the criticism and guidance of school moral education to the social reality. On the basis of reflection and reconstruction of the relationship between social life and school moral education, returning orientation pursues the life-reliance of moral education. The relationship among three orientations is not the affiliation, but the paralleling relationship points to different problems. The present school moral education reform needs the mutual cooperation of three orientations so as to effectively deal with the different problems in real life.