1949—1950年政府在解决劳资冲突过程中的角色调整

On the Adjustment of the Government Role in the Settlement of Hostility between Capital and Labor from 1949 to 1950

解放初,中共中央试图将组建工会和恢复生产结合起来。但干部更侧重于动员工人、组建工会,而工人出于利益考虑和报复资方情绪,在劳资谈判中提出了过高物质要求。各地的劳资纠纷增多,阻碍了恢复生产,引起了中共中央的重视。中共调查后决定以劳资协商谈判和签订集体合同方式来解决纠纷。在此方式中,工会代表工人,政府转变为劳资之间的协调者、仲裁者。这种调整促进了组建工会,也推动了解决劳资纠纷和恢复生产。

In the early period of the liberation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attempted to combine the establishment of the labor union with the resumption of production all over the country. The cadres, however, laid more emphasis on the mobilization of workers to set up the labor union whereas the workers themselves, out of their own interests and revenge of the management party, claimed undue requirements in the collective bargaining. As a result, there appeared increasing labor troubles from place to place, hindering the resumption of production, which drew the great attention of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The central government decided to solve the disputes and conflicts by means of the labor-capital negotiation and the singing of collective contracts. In this way, the labor union represented the workers and the government turned to be the coordinator and arbitrator between the capital and labor. The adjustment of this sort not merely promoted the establishment of the labor union hut also pushed forward the solutions of the disputes and conflicts between the capital and labor as well as the assumption of production.