对腧穴配伍拮抗作用的几点思考

A few points for consideration about compatibility and antagonism effects of acupoints

当腧穴配伍的协同作用被大量研究之后,拮抗作用也被更多的研究人员所关注。但因其隐蔽性而不易被发现与测量。通过对穴性、针刺手法、神经机制传导及体液调节和脑功能区的激活等几个层面的探讨,为寻求研究腧穴配伍拮抗作用的方法和观察路径开拓新的思路和方法。但穴性不同于药性,穴性具有双向调节作用,亦与针刺手法、病证属性相关。针刺手法在针刺效应研究中十分重要,使用电针也会因为电针的频率、波形不同而产生不同的效果,不能排除两个穴位在某一频率下产生拮抗作用,而在另一频率下又产生协同作用的情况。针灸的作用有神经机制传导及体液调节,腧穴配伍使得神经反射或者体液反射产生相反的作用,也会在外表表现出拮抗作用。功能性磁共振成像技术为腧穴配伍的协同作用还是拮抗作用提供很好的研究手段。同时提出拮抗作用的机制现在尚未被完全证明,但一定是客观存在的。由于现阶段针灸机制尚不明确,不能以单个标准下产生的拮抗作用便断定该腧穴配伍有拮抗作用,只能说明在特定的干预条件下,该腧穴配伍呈拮抗作用。

The antagonism has been found by more and more researchers after a large number of studies on the synergistic effect of acupoints are investigated. Because of its hidden nature, the antagonism is not easy to be found and measured. Through the nature of acupoints, acupuncture technique, neural mechanism conduction, humoral regulation and the aetivation of brain regions, new ideas and methods are developed to study the compatibility and antagonism effects of acupoints. But the nature of acupoints is different from the nature of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a role of two-way adjustment. The nature of acupoints are also related with acupuncture manipulation and disease conditions. Acupuncture technique is very important in the study of acupuncture effect. Electric acupuncture can produce different effects because of different frequencies and waveforms. It can＇t be excluded that two acupoints can produce the antagonism effect under a certain frequency, and in another frequency it may produce synergistic effect. The effect of acupuncture includes neural mechanism conduction and humoral regulation. The compatibility of acupoints makes the opposite effect between nerve reflection or body fluids reflection, which can also reveal antagonism effect in appearance. Functional magnetic resonance imaging （FMRI） technology provides a good research method for synergism or antagonism of the compatibility of acupoints. At the same time the mechanism of antagonism effect of acupoints has not been fully proved, but it must be objective existence. As the mechanism of acupuncture is not clear, it cannot be concluded by a single standard that the acupoints have antagonism effects. Only that in specific intervention conditions, the combination of acupoints shows antagonism effect.