北京地区老年人肺功能现状评估与分析

The status and analysis of pulmonary function assessment of the elderly in communities of Beijing

目的了解北京社区老年人肺功能现状与变化特点，为提高老年人慢性肺疾病防控提供参考。方法采用分层、随机、整群的抽样方法，调查了北京社区（怀柔区、大兴区农村及西城区城区）60岁及以上老年人1144例，对老年人健康状况及肺功能进行评估，分析老年人肺功能状况及变化特点。结果老年人肺活量（VC）平均为2．53L、用力肺活量（FVC）2．29L、1S用力呼气量（FEV1）1．81L、1S率（FEV。／FVC）83．42％。有1／3的老年人静态肺活量下降，约半数的老年人动态肺活量包括FVC、FEV。指标降低，男性及城区老年人呼吸功能下降的比例高于女性及农村老年人，随增龄老年人肺通气功能各指标下降的比例呈明显增加趋势。老年人呼吸功能障碍的类型表现为限制性通气障碍（23．5％）、阻塞性通气障碍（19．7％）及混合性通气障碍（12．8％）。结论老年人随增龄呼吸功能下降比例呈明显增加趋势，女性及城区老年人呼吸功能下降比例显著高于男性及农村老年人；城区老年人通气功能障碍多为限制性通气障碍，而农村老年人多为阻塞性通气障碍，应针对不同人群采取相应的疾病防控措施。

Objectives To explore the status and characteristics of changes in lung function in the elderly in communities of Beijing, and to provide reference for improving the prevention and control of chronic lung disease in the elderly. Methods A stratified,segmented and cluster sampling method was used to investigate 1 144 subjects aged 60 years and over in communities of Beijing （Huairou District,Daxing District rural area and Xicheng District）. Health status and pulmonary function were assessed,and characteristics of lung functions and their changes were analyzed in the elderly. Results The average vital capacity（VC）was 2.53L, and forced vital capacity（FVC）was 2.29 L, forced expiratory volume in one second（FEVa ）was 1.81 L, 1 second rate（FEVl/FVC） was 83.42%. Static vital capacity was decreased in 1/3 of the elderly, and dynamic vital capacity,including FVC and FEV1 , was reduced in about half of the elderly. Ratio of decline in lung function in the elderly was higher in male and in urban area than in women and in rural areas. Ratio of decline in each index of pulmonary ventilation function showed a significantly increased tendency along with the ageing. Lung dysfunction types in the elderly included a restricted （23.5~）and obstructive ventilation disorder （19.7%）and mixed ventilation disorder（12.8%）. Conclusions The ratio of decline in lung function in the elderly is increased along with aging,and more significantly higher in female and in urban than in male and in countryside. Restrictive ventilation disorder in the elderly is more often in urban areas, while obstructive ventilation disorder occurs mostly in rural areas. Corresponding measures should be adopted for different groups of people.