基于影子价格的城市公共交通财政补贴测算方法的研究

Research on the Calculation Method of Urban Public Transport Financial Subsidy based on Shadow Price

目前我国大多数城市对公交企业亏损都是采用政府和企业协商确定政策性亏损补贴的方法,这种方法不仅未能使公交企业因补贴而摆脱经营困境,而且使政府财政补贴负担反而越来越重。因此制定科学的城市公共交通财政补贴测算方法显得尤为迫切和重要。基于这种情况,应用经济学中的资源配置问题,将公交运营收入财政补贴和公交车辆改造财政补贴看作2种资源,并将其分别分配到道路交通和轨道交通中,然后根据线性规划的对偶理论构建城市公共交通财政补贴测算模型,并由线性规划的对偶理论揭示政府对道路交通和轨道交通的补贴单价为资源配置优化问题中线性规划模型的影子价格,也即对偶问题的最优解。最后以某市为例,验证模型的可行性。

At present, when most cities in China deal with the loss of public transport enterprises, they usually adopt the means of government consulting with enterprises to determine the method of policy- type loss subsidies. This method not only fails to make the bus companies to get rid of the operating difficulties due to subsidies, but also to make the government financial subsidy burden more and more heavy. Based on this kind of situation, this paper considers public transport operating income financial subsidies and transformation of public transport vehicles financial subsidies as 2 resources with applied resource allocation problem in economics, and assigns it to the road traffic and the track traffic, according to the duality theory of linear programming to construct the model of financial subsidy for urban public transport, by the duality theory of linear programming to reveal that government subsidies for road transport and rail transport unit price is the shadow price of the linear programming model in the optimization of res, which is the optimal solution to the dual problem.