玉米-大豆带状间作下除草剂的筛选

Screening of Herbicides in Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System

采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了3种药剂(A1:60%乙·嗪·滴丁酯、A2:60%乙·嗪·滴丁酯+48%灭草松、A3:48%灭草松)与清水对照组(A4)在玉米-大豆间作条件下,玉米、大豆苗期农艺性状、株防效及药害等级和成熟期作物产量,考察了玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式下除草剂除草效果及安全性。结果表明:3种除草剂对反枝苋、马唐防效好,对刺儿菜防效较差。药后15 d,A1与A2对杂草的防除效果最好,均在75%以上,其中A2对马唐的株防效达到了100%。药后30 d,各处理下的鲜重防效均在80%以上,A1对反枝苋的株防除效果最好为88.89%。玉米、大豆产量在A2处理下最高,分别较清水对照组高33.7%、39.4%。3种除草剂对玉米、大豆幼苗都有一定的药害症状,但药害等级均小于1,从株防效和对作物产量的影响分析,A2更适用于玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式。

In this study, we mainly determined the effects and safety of different herbicides, and screened out suitable herbicides used in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. Three herbicides included A1：60% aeetochlor, metribuzin, butylate, A2：60% acetochlor,metribuzin.butylate ＋ 48% bentazone, A3： 48% bentazone were adopted by single factor randomized block design. The agronomic characters, control effect per plant and phytotoxicity level of crops were determined in maize and soybean seedling stage, and the yield was determined in maturing stage. The results showed that three herbicides had a great control effect on Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Digitaria sanguinalis （ L. ） Scop,but the control effect of Cirsium setosum was poor. After 15 d used herbicide, the weed control was more effective in A1 and A2, both were above 75%, especially, the per plant effect of Digitaria sanguinalis（ L. ） Scop was 100% in A2. After 30 d used herbicide, the fresh weight con- trol effect of each treatment was above 80%, in A1 the control effect per plant to Amaranthus retroflexus L. was 88.89%. Maize and soybean yield were 33.7% and 39.4% higher than clear water control in A2 respectively. Three herbicides phytotoxicity symptoms had an negative effect to maize and soybean seedlings, but the phytotoxicity level was less than 1. Analysis from the weed effect of per plant and yield, A2 was more suitable for maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system.