一种考虑引导作用的行人疏散元胞自动机模型

A New Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Evacuation Considering Guiding Effects

鉴于目前行人元胞自动机仿真研究中对多出口疏散引导情况下模型的缺失,提出了一种考虑引导作用的行人疏散元胞自动机模型.该模型引入无线通信理论,通过计算引导受信度,量化引导作用力,结合可见出口吸引力、行人排斥力、行人吸引力和障碍物排斥力,来反映行人流的微观特征.通过计算机仿真实验,模拟多出口疏散过程,得出行人疏散消耗时间与期望疏散速度、初始人员密度的关系数据,并研究了引导作用力系数对不同初始人员密度下行人流内部冲突效应的缓解作用.仿真结果表明,该模型能模拟多出口行人流疏散的基本现象,有效反映行人流在多出口疏散引导情况下的微观特征.该研究有助于相关多出口行人流疏散引导策略的评估与优化.

Due to the lack of modeling pedestrian behaviors under multiexit evacuation guidance, this paper proposes a new cellular automaton model aiming to reproduce the behaviors impacted by such guiding effects. The proposed model introduces the wireless communication theory and calculates the reliability of guidance signal to quantify the guiding force. To reflect the micro characteristics of pedestrians, the visible exit- attraction, obstacles repulsion, pedestrian attraction and repulsion are also considered in the model.Then, the evacuation procedures are simulated to obtain the relation between evacuation time and initial pedestrian density, expected speed respectively. In addition, effects of guide coefficient on internal conflict in pedestrians with differently initial pedestrian density are discussed in this paper. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can reflect the micro characteristic and basic phenomenon of pedestrian behaviors under multi- exit evacuation guidance. The present study is helpful for evaluating and optimizing evacuation guiding strategies in multi-exit pedestrian flow evacuation.