细菌对重金属吸附和解毒机制的研究进展

Research Advances on Biosorption and Detoxification Mechanisms of Heavy Metals by Bacteria

随着采矿、冶炼和电镀等工业的不断发展,重金属对环境造成的污染也日益严重。近年来提出的微生物修复法,因其成本低和无二次污染等优点而引起国内外学者的广泛关注。目前,用来去除环境中重金属的微生物主要有真菌、藻类、放线菌及细菌等,其中细菌对重金属的微生物吸附和解毒机制研究较为广泛。将从细胞结构的角度,即细菌细胞外部、细胞表面和细胞内部等三方面概述重金属胁迫下细菌的吸附和解毒机制研究进展,主要内容包括细胞外部的沉淀机制、细胞表面的吸附机制以及细胞内部的解毒机制,并提出未来可能的发展方向,旨为重金属污染的微生物修复技术提供理论依据和实践参考。

With the continuous development of mining,smelting and electroplating industries,heavy metals pollutions to theenvironment are increasingly serious. In recent years,microbial remediation arouses the extensive attentions because of its advantages of lowcost and no secondary pollution. The main microorganisms used to remove heavy metals include fungi,algae,actinomyces and bacteria;among them,the biosorption and detoxification mechanisms of bacteria are more widely studied. This paper summaries the research advanceson biosorption and detoxification mechanisms of heavy metals by bacteria from the aspects of bacterial cell＇s structure,i.e.,the extracellularpart,the cell surface and intracellular part,which mainly includes extracellular precipitation mechanisms,biosorption mechanisms on cellsurface and intracellular detoxification mechanisms. Furthermore,the paper puts forward the feasible direction of future research,and providestheoretical basis and practical references for the microbial remediation of heavy metals pollution.