反应型化学传感器在阴离子检测中的应用

Applications of Reactive Chemosensors for Anion

阴离子在生物、化学化工及环境领域扮演着极其重要的角色,对阴离子的高灵敏度、高选择性识别与传感已成为研究的热点.其中,反应型化学传感器是基于传感器与客体分子之间的特殊化学反应而实现的,通过巧妙地设计分子结构,将反应活性基团与荧光团或发色团结合起来,利用反应前后化合物光物理性质的不同,可以实现对被分析物的检测.这种不可逆体系充分利用了化学反应的专一性,因此通常具有较好的选择性.自1992年被首次报道以来,反应型化学传感器的应用越来越广泛,并表现出优秀的传感性能.综述了基于化学反应的荧光和比色阴离子传感器的研究进展,包括氰离子、氟离子、亚硫酸氢根、硫氢根离子、次氯酸及次氯酸根、次溴酸及次溴酸根、过氧亚硝酸根传感器的研究进展,并展望了该领域的发展趋势.

In recent decades, the progress in excellent receptors for anions has attracted considerable attention in the field of supramolecular chemistry, due to the fact that anions bear immense importance in connection to their role in biology, chemical and environmental issues. Among these methods, the reaction-based probes, coined here as ＂reactive＂ probes, which involve the use of special chemical reactions induced by target analytes, provide us versatile means for investigating a wide range of analytes with superior analyte selectivity. Through the ingenious molecular design, it is expected that new reactive chemosensors towards anions can be designed and developed by virtue of the different optical properties before and after the reaction. Since the first report in 1992, more and more good optical anion chemosensors have been successfully obtained taking advantage of the reactive approach. This paper reviews the recent progress in the field of the fluorescent and colorimetric anion chemosensors （including cyanide, fluoride, hydrogen sulfite, hydrosulfide, hypochlorite, hypobromous acid/hypobromite and peroxynitrite anions） designed according to the special chemical reactions, and gives some outlooks for the further exploration of new optical anion chemosensors.