肺型与进展播散型组织胞浆菌病的临床对比分析

Clinical comparative analysis for pulmonary histoplasmosis and progressive disseminated histoplasmosis

目的:比较肺型与进展播散型组织胞浆菌病的临床特点、诊断及预后差异。方法:回顾性分析中南大学湘雅医院2009年2月至2015年10月期间收治的组织胞浆菌病住院患者12例,其中肺型4例,进展播散型8例。从临床表现、影像学、确诊途径及预后等方面分析两者之间的差异性。结果:肺型组织胞浆菌病临床表现轻微,干咳多见。进展播散型患者全身症状明显,极易出现反复高热、全身浅表淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大,可合并咳嗽、腹痛、关节痛、皮肤改变等。实验室检查示全血细胞减少、肝功能异常、凝血功能异常等。1例肺型患者给予了左下肺切除术,其余3例肺型及6例进展播散型患者分别给予两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑或氟康唑抗真菌感染治疗,好转出院,1例播散型确诊后暂未治疗即出院,1例播散型因合并重症肺炎及活动性肺结核治疗无效死亡。结论:组织胞浆菌病临床少见,极易漏诊或误诊,依靠骨髓涂片、病理组织切片特殊染色明确病原学是目前确诊的主要依据,推荐两性霉素B脂质体、两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐及伊曲康唑抗感染治疗。

Objective： To compare clinical features, diagnosis and therapeutic effect between pulmonary histoplasmosis and progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. Methods： A retrospective analysis for 12 cases of hospitalized patients with histoplasmosis, who was admitted in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University during the time from February 2009 to October 2015, was carried out. Four cases of pulmonary histoplasmosis and 8 cases of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis were included. ^-he differences of clinical features, imaging tests, means for diagnosis and prognosis were analyzed between the two types ofhistoplasmosis. Results： The clinical manifestations of pulmonary histoplasmosis were mild, such as dry cough.However, the main clinical symptoms of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis were severe, including recurrence of high fever, superficial lymph node enlargement over the whole body, hepatosplenomegaly, accompanied by cough, abdominal pain, joint pain, skin changes, etc. Laboratory examination showed pancytopenia, abnormal liver function and abnormal coagulation function. One pulmonary case received the operation of left lower lung lobectomy, 3 cases of pulmonary histoplasmosis and 6 cases of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis patients were given deoxycholate amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole or fluconazole for antifungal therapy. One disseminated case discharged from the hospital without treatment after diagnosis of histoplasmosis, and 1 disseminated case combined with severe pneumonia and active tuberculosis died ultimately. Conclusion： As a rare fungal infection, histoplasmosis is easily to be misdiagnosed. The diagnostic criteria depends on etiology through bone marrow smear and tissues biopsy. Liposomeal amphotericin B, deoxycholate amphotericin B and itraconazole are recommended to treat infection for histoplasma capsulatum.