《茔原总录》与“磁偏角”略考

An Analysis of Yingyuan Zonglu and Magnetic Declination

《茔原总录》题宋杨惟德撰,是研究古代风水术与丧葬礼的重要典籍,且因其中提及罗盘与丙午针的使用及磁偏角的问题,而被学界视为最早记录磁偏角现象的文献。然笔者据《茔原总录》的著录情况、篇章内容以及与北宋《地理新书》的比较,认为此书乃后人托名所作,其成书时间当在宋末元初,而非旧传撰于北宋庆历元年(1041)的杨惟德之作。其中关于磁偏角的记载亦较晚出现,实际上糅合了胡舜申《地理新法》中记载磁偏角的内容而成。

Yingyuan Zonglu, attributed to Yang Weide, is an important book of the Northern Song dynasty for research on geomancy and funeral rites. Scholars have considered the book to be the earliest to record the phenomenon of magnetic declination and the compass. Based on the contents of this book, other works of the period, and a comparison with another book, this article points out that Yingyuan Zong lu was in fact written during the late Song Dynasty or early Yuan Dynasty, rather than by Yang Weide in 1041. Furthermore, the content on magnetic declination also appeared later.