宋玉辞赋“微讽”之风考辨

A Textual Research on the Style of “Slight Satire”of Song Yu's Cifu

宋玉与屈原并为中国文学之祖,而史书对两人评价的差距颇大。《史记》评宋玉"终莫敢直谏",引发后人对其人格的质疑。对宋玉辞赋"微讽"风格进行分析,认为司马迁对宋玉的评价并无人格贬抑。而宋玉本身际遇与屈原差相仿佛,空有满腹才情,在上不得君上亲任见察,在同僚中招嫉蒙谤,在下则"不誉之甚";虽有拳拳之心却难申其志,进而选择"放游志乎云中",由此形成宋玉辞赋的微讽风格。此外,宋玉辞赋在文学疆域中有意"铺彩摛文",开"夸饰淫丽"赋风传统。

The evaluations in the historical records of the two giants in Chinese literature Song Yu and Qu Yuan are quite different. The comment on Song Yu in Records of the Grand Historian＂In the end,he dared not make expostulation frankly. ＂arouses queries about his moral character and personality. Based on the analysis on the style of＂slight satire＂of Song Yu＇s cifu, the present research believes that Sima Qian does not degrade Song Yu in his comment. Song Yu＇s vicissitudes are similar to Qu Yuan＇s-having a remarkable literary talent, but unable to gain favor from the monarch and praise from the jealous fellow literati. Although Song Yu has a sincere disposition,he cannot express his true self,so he chooses to give up his ambition, which contributes to the style of＂slight satire＂of his cifu. Moreover, Song Yu begins the pompous literary style of fu.