论环境侵权因果关系证明责任的分配

Burden of Proof on the Causality of Environmental Tort:Its Distribution

环境侵权的最本质特征是间接性,即污染行为先对环境介质进行侵害,进而对他人人身、财产进行侵害。因其间接性的特征,传统的因果关系理论并不能完整的对环境侵权案件中因果关系予以证明,从环境侵权因果关系证明责任分配入手,考虑到环境介质因素对环境侵权因果关系的影响,将侵权因果关系证明责任分别分配受害者与环境侵害者,在受害者进行初步证明后,将举证责任倒置于环境侵害者,以实现环境侵权因果关系的证明。

The most essential characteristic of environmental tort is indirection. Namely, pollution firstly damages the environmental medium and then causes personal injury and loss of property. Because of the indirection, traditional causality theories cannot completely demonstrate the causality of environmental tort cases. The author starts with the distribution of burden of proof on the causality of environmental tort and the influence of environmental medium on the causality of environmental tort. The burden of proof on the causality of environmental tort is respectively assigned to the sufferer and environmentaloffenders. Aflerconductingapreliminaryproofofthesufferers, the burden ofproofis shifted to the environmental offenders. Thus, the demonstration of the causality of environmental tort will be proved.