根区土壤加温对塑料大棚内葡萄芽萌发及生理特性的影响

Effect of Root-zone Soil Heating on Dormancy and Germination's Physiological Characteristics of Grape under Plastic Greenhouse

为研究根区土壤加温对塑料大棚内红地球葡萄休眠期至萌芽期生理特性及芽萌发的影响,试验以5年生红地球葡萄为试材,在需冷量满足后进行根域加温处理,设置(20±2)℃(以下简称T_(20℃))和对照(CK)2个温度梯度,观测芽体萌发进程、测定休眠期至萌芽期葡萄1年生枝条和10、20、30 cm 3个深度根系的氨基酸含量、可溶性耱含量和IOD活性的变化。结果表明:塑料大棚促早栽培通过根区土壤加温,可提高土壤温度约9.9℃,T_(20℃)处理比对照提早6 d解除休眠;休眠期葡萄枝条和根系内氨基酸含量、可溶性耱含量、IOD活性均迅速升高,但升温管理后T_(20℃)处理下根系和枝条氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、IOD活性均迅速下降;CK处理下根系和枝条氨基酸和可溶性糖含量下降缓慢,IOD活性先上升后下降,且T_(20℃)处理根系和枝条各个生理指标的含量或活性均低于CK。其中T_(20℃)处理下根系和枝条氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、IOD活性的最高值均比对照出现的早,表明T_(20℃)处理有提早解除休眠的趋势。适当的提高土壤温度可以使葡萄提早解除生态型抑制休眠,提前进入萌芽,提早上市。

In order to study the effect of root-zone heating on the dormancy and germination s physiological characteristics of red globe grape under plastic greenhouse, the five-year-old red globe grape were used as tested materials, （20±2）℃ （ below referred to as T20℃） and control （CK） were set in the test, the root-zone was heated during the early germination period of protected cultivation, the one-year-old branches of red globe grapes during the period of dormancy to sprout were observed, and the changes of the amino acids content, soluble sugar content and IOD activity of their root in 10, 20, 30cm depths were studied. The results showed that the temperature of root-zone soil heating by plastic greenhouse was increased by 9.9 ~C, the grape dormancy release with T20℃ treatment was 6 days earlier than that with CK; During dormant, the amino acids content, soluble sugar content and IOD activity of the grape roots and branches were increased rapidly, but with T20℃ treatment, the amino acids content, soluble sugar content and IOD activity of roots and branches were rapidly decreased after heating; With control treatment, the amino acids content, soluble sugar content of roots and branches were slow down, IOD activity was in- creased first and then decreased, and with T20℃ treatment, the various physiological indicators of roots and branches were lower than that with control treatment. With T20℃ treatment, the maximalist of contents of soluble sugar, amino acid and IOD activity of roots and branches appeared earlier than that with the control treatment, indicating that dormancy with T20℃ treatment was broken earlier than that with control. It was concluded that the appropriate increase of soil temperature could make grape eeotype inhibition of dormancy early get into the bud in advance and early display on the market.