气候变化背景下西双版纳茶区农业气候资源变化特征

Characteristics of Agricultural Climate Resources in Xishuangbanna Tea Area under Global Climate Change

利用西双版纳州3个气象站1961-2014年逐日气象资料,分析了西双版纳州茶树不同生长季的平均气温、平均气温日较差、≥10.0℃积温、<0℃日数、降水量、相对湿度和日照时数等农业气候资源的时空变化特征。结果表明,西双版纳州景洪、勐海和勐腊3个茶区近53年各生长季的平均气温和积温普遍呈显著的上升趋势,相对湿度普遍呈显著的下降趋势,降水量普遍变化趋势不明显,日照时数的变化趋势各茶区不同,勐腊呈明显的上升趋势,景洪和勐海变化趋势不明显;农业气候资源的变化对该区茶树的发育期进程、鲜叶理化成分的含量、病虫害的发生及农业气象灾害的发生会产生一定影响。

Based on the daily data of 3 meteorological stations of Xishuangbanna from 1961 to 2014, the temporal-spatial distributions of mean temperature, mean annual daily temperature range, ≥ 10.0℃ accumulated temperature, days of daily minimum temperature of 〈 0℃, precipitation, relative humidity and sunshine duration were analyzed in the growing season of tea plants. The results indicated that in recent 53years, not only mean temperature, but also accumulated temperature showed a clearly upward trend, relative humidity showed a clearly downward trend, the trend of precipitation was not obvious in various tea areas of Xishuangbanna. The trend of sunshine duration was not obvious in Jinghong and Menghai, it showed a clearly upward trend in Mengla. The change of agricultural climate resources would have some influences on the process of the development of the tea plant, the content of fresh leaves, the occurrence of pests and diseases, and the occurrence of agricultural meteorological disasters.