俄语быть存在句和汉语“有”字句的认知探析

The Cognitive Analysis of “быть”in Russian and “有” in Chinese in Existential Sentence

存在句是俄汉两种语言表达"存在"概念范畴时使用的一种句子类型。俄罗斯和中国学者对存在句的结构、语义特征进行过大量的研究,但从认知角度对其进行对比研究的并不多见。本文论述了俄语быть存在句和汉语"有"字存在句在结构、语义方面的共性和差异,并通过运用范畴化和原型范畴理论、凸显理论、象似性原则对其异同进行认知探析,试图揭示俄汉民族在认知风格、民族习惯方面的异同。本研究既能使我们更好地掌握俄语быть存在句和汉语"有"字句在结构、语义方面的异同,又能帮助我们在交际中准确地使用它,还能使我们了解到俄汉民族的认知特点。

Existential sentence is a sentence pattern which expresses ＂existence＂ of conceptual category in both Russian and Chinese. And the scholars in both countries have done a lot of research in terms of its structure and semantic characteristics, but little work has focused on the comparison of the existential sentence in both languages from the cognitive perspective. Based on the theories of categorization and prototypes, prominence theory and the principle of iconicity, this paper discusses the similarities and differences in Russian existential sentence ＂быть＂ and in Chinese existential sentence ＂ 有 ＂ from the perspectives of structure and semantics and analyzes the similarities and differences in order to reveal the similarities and differences of Chinese and Russian people in terms of cognitive styles, national habits. This paper can help us gain a better understanding of the differences in sentence structure and semantics between the existential sentences in both Russian and Chinese, and make better use of them in communication and know more about cognitive characteristics of Chinese and Russian people.