隐喻“意识感受性”理论模型

Towards a Qualia Theoretical Model of Generation-comprehension of Metaphor

本体和喻体既相异又同一,这是隐喻的一个标志性特征。隐喻活动就是围绕这一特征展开:相异是必要条件,同一是充分条件。对于什么是"同一",可以参照莱布尼茨的"不可分辨物的同一性原则"中所说的"同一"而定。我们在"粗糙"化的莱布尼茨"同一"意义的基础上建构"隐喻生成—理解的‘意识感受性’理论模型",这个模型有深刻而广泛的思维活动作为运作基础,大体包含感性、逻辑和顿悟3种思维方式。

The generation and comprehension of metaphors are approached in the present study from the perspective of Qualia Theoretical Model. Metaphors demonstrate a mark feature of both difference and identity between the tenor（ T） and the vehicle（ V）,with the difference being necessary condition,and the identity sufficient condition. The difference indicates that the events represented by T and V are not the same; therefore,their representative concepts and the words are by no means the same： T serving the purpose of extension,and V intension. The identity,referring to the identity mentioned in Leibniz’s Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles,initiates the association of one event with another in the mind and consequently seeks some sameness in certain aspects,which makes it possible to refer to one event in terms of another. The T and the V of a metaphor are regarded as two different events,for the identity exhibits the identical rather than the same feature of the events.On the basis of the analysis of the rough set of Leibniz’s identity,a Qualia Theoretical Model of Generation-Comprehension of Metaphor is constructed. Qualia,the core concept of the model,implies the perception that the subjects of consciousness experience the phenomenal characters and qualitative contents of the objects. Three core mental processes are involved in the generation-comprehension of metaphors： connecting,extracting and coupling. Connecting indicates the mental connection between the metaphoric expressions and the related events. Extracting means to extract the phenomenal characters and qualitative contents of the events under the intentional guidance of the subject and the specific contexts. Coupling suggests that the organic integration of different phenomenal characters and qualitative contents,together with the mental simulation of experienced events constructed by malposed qualia,finalizes the comprehension of metaphors.The theoretical model is in nature the mental realization of events to usage events by means of qualia. For supporting the operation of this model,chiefly three patterns of thinking are exercised,namely,perceptual thinking,logical thinking,and insight.