原型—模型论观照下的英汉空间隐喻成对词排序标记性对比研究

A Contrastive Analysis of the Markedness of E-C Spatial Metaphorical Twin Word Orders from the Perspective of Prototype-model Theory

隐喻既是一种修辞又是人类认知客观世界的手段和方式,人的躯体是空间隐喻的认知原型,其上下、前后和里外的不对称,左右的对称以及不同文化习俗的影响使英汉均有许多空间隐喻成对词。此类成对词排序是按先作为非标记性原型的肯定项而后作为标记性模型的否定项进行的,这不仅符合语言习惯,而且也符合人类认知一般规律。本文尝试从原型—模型论视角通过对5组空间隐喻成对词在英汉中的喻体选择与其内部结构的对比分析来揭示人类因为有相似生活环境和认知基础使得英汉空间隐喻有着许多惊人雷同之处,但同时由于英汉文化不同又存在一定差异。

Metaphor is both a rhetorical case and a cognitive means of humanity. Human body is the cognitive prototypical model of spatial metaphors. The asymmetrical and symmetrical phenomena of the body on top of the cultural and social influences cause numerous spatial metaphorical twin words both in English and Chinese languages. The sequence of the two spatial metaphorical twin words is determined by unmarkedness prototype prior to markedness model,which not only adapts to linguistic characteristics but also to the general cognitive regularities of humanity. As such,based on the contrast of the vehicle selections and internal structures of E-C metaphorical words,this paper attempts to reveal that many similarities exist between English and Chinese metaphors due to the similar living environments and cognitive foundations,and that there exist evident differences simultaneously due to cultural dissimilarities.