澳大利亚学前保教财政资助体系改革的动因、进展与特色

Motivation,Progress and Features of the Financial Assistance System Reform for Early Childhood Education and Child Care in Australia

澳大利亚原保教财政资助体系主要由儿童保育福利、儿童保育返还和工作、教育与培训儿童保育费用资助构成。为了适应社会经济发展形势的变化、消除现有福利保障系统的弊病,基于家庭选择、市场失灵和政府干预等理论和政策依据,澳大利亚学前保教财政资助体系从多重复杂走向统一多元,推出了儿童保育补贴、儿童保育安全网、保姆试点项目、全面普及学前教育和国家质量框架等改革措施,展现出促进就业、设置兜底、完善分担和提高质量的改革特色。

The extant financial assistance system of early childhood education and child care （ECEC） in Australia mainly encompasses Child Care Benefit, Childcare Cash Rebate as well as Jobs, Education and Training Child Care Fee Assistance. In order to adapt to changes in the socio-economic development and eliminate the shortcomings of the existing welfare system, on a series of theoretical and policy bases concerning family choice, market failure and government intervention, the government is making the transfor- mation of financial assistance system of ECEC from an unnecessarily complex system to a consistently simpler system and implementing a series of measures, including Child Care Subsidy, Child Care Safety Net, Nanny Pilot Programme, Universal Access to Early Child-hood Education and National Framework. Above measures demonstrate features pertinent to promoting employment, helping vulnerable groups, improving cost sharing and enhancing quality.