中国传统法思想形态新探——以晋《律注表》为中心

A New Formal Probe in Traditional Chinese Legal Thought:A Study of Lvzhubiao in Jin Dynasty

中国法律思想史的研究著述一般基于法典描述传统法思想形态,主要聚焦制度特征与基本价值,而忽略法思想言说所透露的本体论、知识论、实践论旨趣。晋律是法律儒家化三部曲归合的产物,《律注表》作为官方认可的经典文本,表达一种与儒家化法典配套的法思想形态:其一,《律注表》宣示"纳礼入律"的立法宗旨,构建"理—律"的形式结构与"礼—刑"的内容结构,以之解释"以礼率律"的规范体系;其二,《律注表》以"变通之体"诠释刑法体系,阐明法的变动本体及知识开放特征;其三,《律注表》在实践论意义上表达一种司法情境化理念,主张"随事取法"、"临时观衅",构成情理司法传统的理论基础。以上均可为描述中国传统法思想形态提供启示。

Based on ancient codes, studies of the history of Chinese legal ideology mostly focus on the form of traditional Chinese legal thought with particular interests in its institutional characteristics and basic values, while failing legal thought. Jin Dynasty Law legal text, Lvzhubiao wrote by to reveal legal ontology, epistemology and methodology in the discourses of was the product of the trilogy in Confucianization of law. As a classic official Zhang Fei in Jin Dynasty expressed the thoughts in line with the Confucian- ization of law. Firstly, Lvzhubiao claimed legislative purpose of ＂explaining the law according to Li＂, estab- lished the formal framework of ＂legal theory and law＂ and content framework of ＂Li and punishment＂, and explicated the normative system of ＂legislating according to Li＂. Secondly, it adopted a flexible way to ex- plicate the system of criminal law and elaborated on the essence of the legal changes and the open characteristics of legal knowledge. Thirdly, it proposed the judicial contextualization in a practical sense, and propounded that legal judgment should be made in accordance with specific circumstances and cases, which was the theoretical basis of judicial tradition featuring contextualization. All of the above provide clues and revelations for describing Chinese traditional legal thought.